Methodological Manuals
The main entities responsible for designing international statistics and indicators on R&D are: OCDE, UNESCO and RICYT. These entities prepare methodological manuals as guidelines to help other organizations preparing their publications and reports on R&D and technological innovation in their regions.
International Standardization of Statistics on Science and Technology Recommendation. UNESCO, 1978
It provides a broad comprehensive Statistics on Science and Technology, looking at the scientific, technological, cultural and educational dimensions. This recommendation proposes a statistical model designed to provide, for each Member State, standardized data on a number of Scientific and Technical Activities, including:
It provides a broad comprehensive Statistics on Science and Technology, looking at the scientific, technological, cultural and educational dimensions. This recommendation proposes a statistical model designed to provide, for each Member State, standardized data on a number of Scientific and Technical Activities, including:
- Activities of Scientific Research and Experimental Development.
- Education, scientific and technical training.
- Scientific and technical services.
Frascati Manual. OECD, 1963
This is the Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development. It was developed by a group of national experts in innovation and development statistics (NESTI) and contains the basic definitions and categories of research and development activities. Today is a reference, accepted by scientists around the world to determine what activities are considered research and development and what is the state of the art.
This is the Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development. It was developed by a group of national experts in innovation and development statistics (NESTI) and contains the basic definitions and categories of research and development activities. Today is a reference, accepted by scientists around the world to determine what activities are considered research and development and what is the state of the art.
Oslo Manual. OECD, 1995
It is the principal international source of guidelines for analysis and data collection in terms of technological innovation. Is also a basic source for studies related to activities that lead to technological innovation, contributing to the implementation of a technological culture in constant development. It is part of the so-called "Frascati family" of the OECD that now is on its third edition, published in October 2005.
It is the principal international source of guidelines for analysis and data collection in terms of technological innovation. Is also a basic source for studies related to activities that lead to technological innovation, contributing to the implementation of a technological culture in constant development. It is part of the so-called "Frascati family" of the OECD that now is on its third edition, published in October 2005.
Bogota Manual. RICYT
It is the Reference Manual for the Standardization of Indicators of Technological Innovation in Latin America and the Caribbean. This was inspired by the Oslo Manual and proposes guidelines for the standardization and construction of technological innovation indicators to ensure comparability, both regionally and internationally.
It is the Reference Manual for the Standardization of Indicators of Technological Innovation in Latin America and the Caribbean. This was inspired by the Oslo Manual and proposes guidelines for the standardization and construction of technological innovation indicators to ensure comparability, both regionally and internationally.
Manual de Santiago. RICYT
It is a propose of methodology for measuring the intensity and the description of the characteristics of the Internationalization of science and technology in Latin American countries, at national level in the institutions and agencies that perform Research and Technological Development.
It is a propose of methodology for measuring the intensity and the description of the characteristics of the Internationalization of science and technology in Latin American countries, at national level in the institutions and agencies that perform Research and Technological Development.
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